root/trunk/actionpack/lib/action_controller/filters.rb

module ActionController #:nodoc:
  module Filters #:nodoc:
    def self.included(base)
      base.class_eval do
        extend ClassMethods
        include ActionController::Filters::InstanceMethods
      end
    end

    # Filters enable controllers to run shared pre- and post-processing code for its actions. These filters can be used to do
    # authentication, caching, or auditing before the intended action is performed. Or to do localization or output
    # compression after the action has been performed. Filters have access to the request, response, and all the instance
    # variables set by other filters in the chain or by the action (in the case of after filters).
    #
    # == Filter inheritance
    #
    # Controller inheritance hierarchies share filters downwards, but subclasses can also add or skip filters without
    # affecting the superclass. For example:
    #
    #   class BankController < ActionController::Base
    #     before_filter :audit
    #
    #     private
    #       def audit
    #         # record the action and parameters in an audit log
    #       end
    #   end
    #
    #   class VaultController < BankController
    #     before_filter :verify_credentials
    #
    #     private
    #       def verify_credentials
    #         # make sure the user is allowed into the vault
    #       end
    #   end
    #
    # Now any actions performed on the BankController will have the audit method called before. On the VaultController,
    # first the audit method is called, then the verify_credentials method. If the audit method renders or redirects, then
    # verify_credentials and the intended action are never called.
    #
    # == Filter types
    #
    # A filter can take one of three forms: method reference (symbol), external class, or inline method (proc). The first
    # is the most common and works by referencing a protected or private method somewhere in the inheritance hierarchy of
    # the controller by use of a symbol. In the bank example above, both BankController and VaultController use this form.
    #
    # Using an external class makes for more easily reused generic filters, such as output compression. External filter classes
    # are implemented by having a static +filter+ method on any class and then passing this class to the filter method. Example:
    #
    #   class OutputCompressionFilter
    #     def self.filter(controller)
    #       controller.response.body = compress(controller.response.body)
    #     end
    #   end
    #
    #   class NewspaperController < ActionController::Base
    #     after_filter OutputCompressionFilter
    #   end
    #
    # The filter method is passed the controller instance and is hence granted access to all aspects of the controller and can
    # manipulate them as it sees fit.
    #
    # The inline method (using a proc) can be used to quickly do something small that doesn't require a lot of explanation.
    # Or just as a quick test. It works like this:
    #
    #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
    #     before_filter { |controller| head(400) if controller.params["stop_action"] }
    #   end
    #
    # As you can see, the block expects to be passed the controller after it has assigned the request to the internal variables.
    # This means that the block has access to both the request and response objects complete with convenience methods for params,
    # session, template, and assigns. Note: The inline method doesn't strictly have to be a block; any object that responds to call
    # and returns 1 or -1 on arity will do (such as a Proc or an Method object).
    #
    # Please note that around_filters function a little differently than the normal before and after filters with regard to filter
    # types. Please see the section dedicated to around_filters below.
    #
    # == Filter chain ordering
    #
    # Using <tt>before_filter</tt> and <tt>after_filter</tt> appends the specified filters to the existing chain. That's usually
    # just fine, but some times you care more about the order in which the filters are executed. When that's the case, you
    # can use <tt>prepend_before_filter</tt> and <tt>prepend_after_filter</tt>. Filters added by these methods will be put at the
    # beginning of their respective chain and executed before the rest. For example:
    #
    #   class ShoppingController < ActionController::Base
    #     before_filter :verify_open_shop
    #
    #   class CheckoutController < ShoppingController
    #     prepend_before_filter :ensure_items_in_cart, :ensure_items_in_stock
    #
    # The filter chain for the CheckoutController is now <tt>:ensure_items_in_cart, :ensure_items_in_stock,</tt>
    # <tt>:verify_open_shop</tt>. So if either of the ensure filters renders or redirects, we'll never get around to see if the shop
    # is open or not.
    #
    # You may pass multiple filter arguments of each type as well as a filter block.
    # If a block is given, it is treated as the last argument.
    #
    # == Around filters
    #
    # Around filters wrap an action, executing code both before and after.
    # They may be declared as method references, blocks, or objects responding
    # to #filter or to both #before and #after.
    #
    # To use a method as an around_filter, pass a symbol naming the Ruby method.
    # Yield (or block.call) within the method to run the action.
    #
    #   around_filter :catch_exceptions
    #
    #   private
    #     def catch_exceptions
    #       yield
    #     rescue => exception
    #       logger.debug "Caught exception! #{exception}"
    #       raise
    #     end
    #
    # To use a block as an around_filter, pass a block taking as args both
    # the controller and the action block. You can't call yield directly from
    # an around_filter block; explicitly call the action block instead:
    #
    #   around_filter do |controller, action|
    #     logger.debug "before #{controller.action_name}"
    #     action.call
    #     logger.debug "after #{controller.action_name}"
    #   end
    #
    # To use a filter object with around_filter, pass an object responding
    # to :filter or both :before and :after. With a filter method, yield to
    # the block as above:
    #
    #   around_filter BenchmarkingFilter
    #
    #   class BenchmarkingFilter
    #     def self.filter(controller, &block)
    #       Benchmark.measure(&block)
    #     end
    #   end
    #
    # With before and after methods:
    #
    #   around_filter Authorizer.new
    #
    #   class Authorizer
    #     # This will run before the action. Redirecting aborts the action.
    #     def before(controller)
    #       unless user.authorized?
    #         redirect_to(login_url)
    #       end
    #     end
    #
    #     # This will run after the action if and only if before did not render or redirect.
    #     def after(controller)
    #     end
    #   end
    #
    # If the filter has before and after methods, the before method will be
    # called before the action. If before renders or redirects, the filter chain is
    # halted and after will not be run. See Filter Chain Halting below for
    # an example.
    #
    # == Filter chain skipping
    #
    # Declaring a filter on a base class conveniently applies to its subclasses,
    # but sometimes a subclass should skip some of its superclass' filters:
    #
    #   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
    #     before_filter :authenticate
    #     around_filter :catch_exceptions
    #   end
    #
    #   class WeblogController < ApplicationController
    #     # Will run the :authenticate and :catch_exceptions filters.
    #   end
    #
    #   class SignupController < ApplicationController
    #     # Skip :authenticate, run :catch_exceptions.
    #     skip_before_filter :authenticate
    #   end
    #
    #   class ProjectsController < ApplicationController
    #     # Skip :catch_exceptions, run :authenticate.
    #     skip_filter :catch_exceptions
    #   end
    #
    #   class ClientsController < ApplicationController
    #     # Skip :catch_exceptions and :authenticate unless action is index.
    #     skip_filter :catch_exceptions, :authenticate, :except => :index
    #   end
    #
    # == Filter conditions
    #
    # Filters may be limited to specific actions by declaring the actions to
    # include or exclude. Both options accept single actions (:only => :index)
    # or arrays of actions (:except => [:foo, :bar]).
    #
    #   class Journal < ActionController::Base
    #     # Require authentication for edit and delete.
    #     before_filter :authorize, :only => [:edit, :delete]
    #
    #     # Passing options to a filter with a block.
    #     around_filter(:except => :index) do |controller, action_block|
    #       results = Profiler.run(&action_block)
    #       controller.response.sub! "</body>", "#{results}</body>"
    #     end
    #
    #     private
    #       def authorize
    #         # Redirect to login unless authenticated.
    #       end
    #   end
    #
    # == Filter Chain Halting
    #
    # <tt>before_filter</tt> and <tt>around_filter</tt> may halt the request
    # before a controller action is run. This is useful, for example, to deny
    # access to unauthenticated users or to redirect from http to https.
    # Simply call render or redirect. After filters will not be executed if the filter 
    # chain is halted.
    #
    # Around filters halt the request unless the action block is called.
    # Given these filters
    #   after_filter :after
    #   around_filter :around
    #   before_filter :before
    #
    # The filter chain will look like:
    #
    #   ...
    #   . \
    #   .  #around (code before yield)
    #   .  .  \
    #   .  .  #before (actual filter code is run)
    #   .  .  .  \
    #   .  .  .  execute controller action
    #   .  .  .  /
    #   .  .  ...
    #   .  .  /
    #   .  #around (code after yield)
    #   . /
    #   #after (actual filter code is run, unless the around filter does not yield)
    #
    # If #around returns before yielding, #after will still not be run. The #before
    # filter and controller action will not be run. If #before renders or redirects,
    # the second half of #around and will still run but #after and the
    # action will not. If #around fails to yield, #after will not be run.

    class FilterChain < ActiveSupport::Callbacks::CallbackChain #:nodoc:
      def append_filter_to_chain(filters, filter_type, &block)
        pos = find_filter_append_position(filters, filter_type)
        update_filter_chain(filters, filter_type, pos, &block)
      end

      def prepend_filter_to_chain(filters, filter_type, &block)
        pos = find_filter_prepend_position(filters, filter_type)
        update_filter_chain(filters, filter_type, pos, &block)
      end

      def create_filters(filters, filter_type, &block)
        filters, conditions = extract_options(filters, &block)
        filters.map! { |filter| find_or_create_filter(filter, filter_type, conditions) }
        filters
      end

      def skip_filter_in_chain(*filters, &test)
        filters, conditions = extract_options(filters)
        filters.each do |filter|
          if callback = find_callback(filter) then delete(callback) end
        end if conditions.empty?
        update_filter_in_chain(filters, :skip => conditions, &test)
      end

      private
        def update_filter_chain(filters, filter_type, pos, &block)
          new_filters = create_filters(filters, filter_type, &block)
          insert(pos, new_filters).flatten!
        end

        def find_filter_append_position(filters, filter_type)
          # appending an after filter puts it at the end of the call chain
          # before and around filters go before the first after filter in the chain
          unless filter_type == :after
            each_with_index do |f,i|
              return i if f.after?
            end
          end
          return -1
        end

        def find_filter_prepend_position(filters, filter_type)
          # prepending a before or around filter puts it at the front of the call chain
          # after filters go before the first after filter in the chain
          if filter_type == :after
            each_with_index do |f,i|
              return i if f.after?
            end
            return -1
          end
          return 0
        end

        def find_or_create_filter(filter, filter_type, options = {})
          update_filter_in_chain([filter], options)

          if found_filter = find_callback(filter) { |f| f.type == filter_type }
            found_filter
          else
            filter_kind = case
            when filter.respond_to?(:before) && filter_type == :before
              :before
            when filter.respond_to?(:after) && filter_type == :after
              :after
            else
              :filter
            end

            case filter_type
            when :before
              BeforeFilter.new(filter_kind, filter, options)
            when :after
              AfterFilter.new(filter_kind, filter, options)
            else
              AroundFilter.new(filter_kind, filter, options)
            end
          end
        end

        def update_filter_in_chain(filters, options, &test)
          filters.map! { |f| block_given? ? find_callback(f, &test) : find_callback(f) }
          filters.compact!

          map! do |filter|
            if filters.include?(filter)
              new_filter = filter.dup
              new_filter.options.merge!(options)
              new_filter
            else
              filter
            end
          end
        end
    end

    class Filter < ActiveSupport::Callbacks::Callback #:nodoc:
      def before?
        self.class == BeforeFilter
      end

      def after?
        self.class == AfterFilter
      end

      def around?
        self.class == AroundFilter
      end

      private
        def should_not_skip?(controller)
          if options[:skip]
            !included_in_action?(controller, options[:skip])
          else
            true
          end
        end

        def included_in_action?(controller, options)
          if options[:only]
            Array(options[:only]).map(&:to_s).include?(controller.action_name)
          elsif options[:except]
            !Array(options[:except]).map(&:to_s).include?(controller.action_name)
          else
            true
          end
        end

        def should_run_callback?(controller)
          should_not_skip?(controller) && included_in_action?(controller, options) && super
        end
    end

    class AroundFilter < Filter #:nodoc:
      def type
        :around
      end

      def call(controller, &block)
        if should_run_callback?(controller)
          method = filter_responds_to_before_and_after? ? around_proc : self.method

          # For around_filter do |controller, action|
          if method.is_a?(Proc) && method.arity == 2
            evaluate_method(method, controller, block)
          else
            evaluate_method(method, controller, &block)
          end
        else
          block.call
        end
      end

      private
        def filter_responds_to_before_and_after?
          method.respond_to?(:before) && method.respond_to?(:after)
        end

        def around_proc
          Proc.new do |controller, action|
            method.before(controller)

            if controller.send!(:performed?)
              controller.send!(:halt_filter_chain, method, :rendered_or_redirected)
            else
              begin
                action.call
              ensure
                method.after(controller)
              end
            end
          end
        end
    end

    class BeforeFilter < Filter #:nodoc:
      def type
        :before
      end

      def call(controller, &block)
        super
        if controller.send!(:performed?)
          controller.send!(:halt_filter_chain, method, :rendered_or_redirected)
        end
      end
    end

    class AfterFilter < Filter #:nodoc:
      def type
        :after
      end
    end

    module ClassMethods
      # The passed <tt>filters</tt> will be appended to the filter_chain and
      # will execute before the action on this controller is performed.
      def append_before_filter(*filters, &block)
        filter_chain.append_filter_to_chain(filters, :before, &block)
      end

      # The passed <tt>filters</tt> will be prepended to the filter_chain and
      # will execute before the action on this controller is performed.
      def prepend_before_filter(*filters, &block)
        filter_chain.prepend_filter_to_chain(filters, :before, &block)
      end

      # Shorthand for append_before_filter since it's the most common.
      alias :before_filter :append_before_filter

      # The passed <tt>filters</tt> will be appended to the array of filters
      # that run _after_ actions on this controller are performed.
      def append_after_filter(*filters, &block)
        filter_chain.append_filter_to_chain(filters, :after, &block)
      end

      # The passed <tt>filters</tt> will be prepended to the array of filters
      # that run _after_ actions on this controller are performed.
      def prepend_after_filter(*filters, &block)
        filter_chain.prepend_filter_to_chain(filters, :after, &block)
      end

      # Shorthand for append_after_filter since it's the most common.
      alias :after_filter :append_after_filter

      # If you append_around_filter A.new, B.new, the filter chain looks like
      #
      #   B#before
      #     A#before
      #       # run the action
      #     A#after
      #   B#after
      #
      # With around filters which yield to the action block, #before and #after
      # are the code before and after the yield.
      def append_around_filter(*filters, &block)
        filter_chain.append_filter_to_chain(filters, :around, &block)
      end

      # If you prepend_around_filter A.new, B.new, the filter chain looks like:
      #
      #   A#before
      #     B#before
      #       # run the action
      #     B#after
      #   A#after
      #
      # With around filters which yield to the action block, #before and #after
      # are the code before and after the yield.
      def prepend_around_filter(*filters, &block)
        filter_chain.prepend_filter_to_chain(filters, :around, &block)
      end

      # Shorthand for append_around_filter since it's the most common.
      alias :around_filter :append_around_filter

      # Removes the specified filters from the +before+ filter chain. Note that this only works for skipping method-reference
      # filters, not procs. This is especially useful for managing the chain in inheritance hierarchies where only one out
      # of many sub-controllers need a different hierarchy.
      #
      # You can control the actions to skip the filter for with the <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> options,
      # just like when you apply the filters.
      def skip_before_filter(*filters)
        filter_chain.skip_filter_in_chain(*filters, &:before?)
      end

      # Removes the specified filters from the +after+ filter chain. Note that this only works for skipping method-reference
      # filters, not procs. This is especially useful for managing the chain in inheritance hierarchies where only one out
      # of many sub-controllers need a different hierarchy.
      #
      # You can control the actions to skip the filter for with the <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> options,
      # just like when you apply the filters.
      def skip_after_filter(*filters)
        filter_chain.skip_filter_in_chain(*filters, &:after?)
      end

      # Removes the specified filters from the filter chain. This only works for method reference (symbol)
      # filters, not procs. This method is different from skip_after_filter and skip_before_filter in that
      # it will match any before, after or yielding around filter.
      #
      # You can control the actions to skip the filter for with the <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> options,
      # just like when you apply the filters.
      def skip_filter(*filters)
        filter_chain.skip_filter_in_chain(*filters)
      end

      # Returns an array of Filter objects for this controller.
      def filter_chain
        if chain = read_inheritable_attribute('filter_chain')
          return chain
        else
          write_inheritable_attribute('filter_chain', FilterChain.new)
          return filter_chain
        end
      end

      # Returns all the before filters for this class and all its ancestors.
      # This method returns the actual filter that was assigned in the controller to maintain existing functionality.
      def before_filters #:nodoc:
        filter_chain.select(&:before?).map(&:method)
      end

      # Returns all the after filters for this class and all its ancestors.
      # This method returns the actual filter that was assigned in the controller to maintain existing functionality.
      def after_filters #:nodoc:
        filter_chain.select(&:after?).map(&:method)
      end
    end

    module InstanceMethods # :nodoc:
      def self.included(base)
        base.class_eval do
          alias_method_chain :perform_action, :filters
          alias_method_chain :process, :filters
        end
      end

      protected
        def process_with_filters(request, response, method = :perform_action, *arguments) #:nodoc:
          @before_filter_chain_aborted = false
          process_without_filters(request, response, method, *arguments)
        end

        def perform_action_with_filters
          call_filters(self.class.filter_chain, 0, 0)
        end

      private
        def call_filters(chain, index, nesting)
          index = run_before_filters(chain, index, nesting)
          aborted = @before_filter_chain_aborted
          perform_action_without_filters unless performed? || aborted
          return index if nesting != 0 || aborted
          run_after_filters(chain, index)
        end

        def run_before_filters(chain, index, nesting)
          while chain[index]
            filter, index = chain[index], index
            break unless filter # end of call chain reached

            case filter
            when BeforeFilter
              filter.call(self)  # invoke before filter
              index = index.next
              break if @before_filter_chain_aborted
            when AroundFilter
              yielded = false

              filter.call(self) do
                yielded = true
                # all remaining before and around filters will be run in this call
                index = call_filters(chain, index.next, nesting.next)
              end

              halt_filter_chain(filter, :did_not_yield) unless yielded

              break
            else
              break  # no before or around filters left
            end
          end

          index
        end

        def run_after_filters(chain, index)
          seen_after_filter = false

          while chain[index]
            filter, index = chain[index], index
            break unless filter # end of call chain reached

            case filter
            when AfterFilter
              seen_after_filter = true
              filter.call(self)  # invoke after filter
            else
              # implementation error or someone has mucked with the filter chain
              raise ActionControllerError, "filter #{filter.inspect} was in the wrong place!" if seen_after_filter
            end

            index = index.next
          end

          index.next
        end